Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Biography
Full Name: Abul Kalam Ghulam MuhiyuddinBorn: 11 November 1888Place of Birth: Mecca, Saudi ArabiaFather: Muhammad KhairuddinWife: Zulekha BegumDied: 22 February 1958 New DelhiPolitical Party: Indian National CongressCitizenship: IndianAward: Bharat Ratna
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad or Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin was a famous Indian Muslim scholar. He was a poet, writer, journalist and Indian freedom fighter. He supported the principles of Mahatma Gandhi. He played an important role in the Khilafat movement for Hindu-Muslim unity. After independence, he was elected MP from Rampur district of Uttar Pradesh state of India in 1952 and he became the first education minister of India.
Birth of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad:-
Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. His father Mohammad Khairuddin was a Bengali Maulana, who was a great scholar. While his mother was an Arab, who was the daughter of Sheikh Mohammed Zahar Watri. When Maulana Azad was 2 years old, his family came back to India in 1890 and settled in Calcutta. When Maulana Azad was 13 years old, he married Zulekha Begum.
Education:-
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s early education was taught by his father and later by other scholars in Islamic methods ie at home or in the mosque. Apart from Islamic education, he received education in philosophy, history and mathematics. Azad acquired proficiency in Urdu, Persian, Hindi, Arabic and English languages.
At the age of sixteen, he got all the education that he usually got in 25 years. He was close to the Salafi or Deobandi ideology and wrote articles on other versions of the Quran. Azad learned English through dedicated self-study and read a lot of western philosophy. He did not like Muslim traditional education and he was a supporter of the ideas of modern educationist Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
Contribution to the freedom movement:-
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad opposed British rule and held the British government responsible for the exploitation of the common man. He also criticized the Muslim leaders of his time who according to him were giving priority to the communal interest before the interest of the country. Unlike other Muslim leaders, he opposed the partition of Bengal in 1905 and rejected the separatist ideology of the All India Muslim League.
He had to go to jail several times during British rule. He opposed British rule by joining Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement. He propagated Indian nationalism and revolutionary ideas based on Hindu-Muslim unity in one of his weekly magazines, ‘Al-Balag’. Maulana Azad was a supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity and strongly opposed the partition of India.
Editing of Journals:-
A magazine named ‘Lisan-ul-Sid’ was started in Kolkata. Between the age of thirteen to eighteen, he edited many magazines. Maulana Azad also composed and translated many books, in which ‘India Wins Freedom’ and ‘Gubar-e-Khatir’ are prominent.
He started weekly journalism called Al Hilal in 1912. Through Al Hilal he started promoting communal harmony and Hindu Muslim unity and at the same time attacked the British rule. The British rule finally banned this magazine by the government.
After independence :-
After independence, he was elected MP from the Rampur parliamentary seat of Uttar Pradesh in the 1952 parliamentary elections and from the Gurgaon parliamentary seat of Haryana in 1957 parliamentary elections as a Congress candidate. He became the first education minister of India. He guided the education policy of the nation for eleven years. Maulana Azad was named ‘Indian Institute of Technology’ ie ‘IIT’. And is credited with the establishment of the ‘University Grants Commission’.
He established the following institutes of excellence to develop education and culture-
- Sangeet Natak Akademi (1953)
- Sahitya Akademi (1954)
- Lalitkala Akademi (1954)
As the chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Education, the government has been asked by the government, both at the Center and in the states, in additional universities such as universal primary education, free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14 years, girl child education, vocational training, agricultural education, and technical education. had advocated reforms. In view of his contributions, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in the year 1992.
Death :-
He died of a heart attack on February 22, 1958. In honor of his outstanding work, his birthday, November 11, was declared National Education Day. Apart from this, many educational institutions and organizations across the country have been named after him. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1992.
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